Voltaren (diclofenac) represents a clinically validated nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) specifically formulated to address pain and inflammation at the source. As a topically applied gel, it delivers effective relief for localized conditions such as osteoarthritis and acute musculoskeletal injuries, minimizing systemic exposure compared to oral formulations. Its mechanism of action, inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, reduces prostaglandin synthesis, thereby alleviating pain, swelling, and stiffness. This product card provides a comprehensive, evidence-based overview for healthcare professionals and informed patients.

Features

• Active ingredient: Diclofenac sodium 1% or 2.32% (depending on regional formulation)
• Pharmaceutical form: Topical gel
• Mechanism: Potent cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) preferential inhibitor
• Presentation: Tube sizes typically ranging from 50g to 150g
• Excipients: Includes isopropyl alcohol, propylene glycol, and purified water
• Prescription status: Available as both prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) depending on jurisdiction and strength

Benefits

• Delivers targeted anti-inflammatory and analgesic action directly to affected joints and muscles
• Reduces systemic drug exposure and associated gastrointestinal risks common with oral NSAIDs
• Provides clinically significant improvement in pain scores and physical function in osteoarthritis patients
• Enables convenient at-home application with rapid absorption and non-greasy formulation
• Supports long-term management of chronic inflammatory conditions with demonstrated safety profile
• Facilitates precise dosing through measured administration systems (e.g., pump dispensers)

Common use

Voltaren gel is primarily indicated for the treatment of osteoarthritis pain in joints amenable to topical treatment, such as the knees, hands, and elbows. It is also effectively employed for acute pain relief in conditions like sprains, strains, and contusions. The topical formulation makes it particularly suitable for patients who require localized therapy while avoiding systemic effects, including those with comorbidities or sensitivities to oral NSAIDs. Clinical studies demonstrate efficacy in reducing pain and improving mobility in affected joints.

Dosage and direction

For osteoarthritis: Apply 4g of gel (1% formulation) to the affected joint four times daily. The total maximum daily dose should not exceed 16g per joint. For higher concentration formulations (2.32%), follow specific product labeling. Apply gently to clean, intact skin, avoiding open wounds. Do not apply with occlusive dressings. Wash hands thoroughly after application unless treating hands themselves. Measurement devices are provided with packaging to ensure accurate dosing. Treatment duration should be the shortest necessary for symptomatic relief.

Precautions

Use with caution in patients with history of asthma, renal impairment, or hepatic dysfunction. Avoid application to eyes, mucous membranes, or non-intact skin. Monitor for skin reactions such as dryness, redness, or pruritus at application site. Patients with aspirin-sensitive asthma should avoid use due to potential for bronchospasm. Elderly patients may require increased monitoring due to potentially reduced renal function. Sun exposure should be minimized on treated areas due to potential photosensitivity reactions.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to diclofenac, aspirin, or other NSAIDs. Contraindicated in patients with history of asthma, urticaria, or allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or NSAIDs. Should not be used during the third trimester of pregnancy. Avoid use on infected or eczematous skin. Not recommended for patients with active peptic ulcer disease or severe heart failure. Concomitant use with other oral NSAIDs is generally contraindicated due to additive effects.

Possible side effects

Most common adverse reactions are local and include: application site reactions (dryness, itching, redness), dermatitis, and paresthesia. Systemic absorption may rarely cause: gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, headache, or dizziness. Serious but rare side effects include: severe skin reactions, cardiovascular thrombotic events, and hepatotoxicity. Patients should discontinue use and seek medical attention if signs of allergic reaction (wheezing, swelling) or severe skin reaction (blistering, peeling) occur.

Drug interaction

May interact with other NSAIDs (oral or topical), increasing risk of adverse effects. Concurrent use with anticoagulants (warfarin) may increase bleeding risk. ACE inhibitors and diuretics may have reduced antihypertensive effects. Cyclosporine may increase nephrotoxicity risk. Topical corticosteroids may alter absorption characteristics. SSRIs may increase bleeding tendency. Always review full medication list before prescribing.

Missed dose

Apply as soon as remembered unless close to next scheduled dose. Do not double dose to make up for missed application. Maintain regular application schedule for consistent therapeutic effect. If multiple doses are missed, therapeutic efficacy may be reduced; resume normal dosing schedule.

Overdose

Topical overdose is unlikely due to limited systemic absorption. Excessive application may increase risk of systemic adverse effects including gastrointestinal bleeding, renal impairment, or cardiovascular events. In case of accidental ingestion, seek immediate medical attention. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, headache, drowsiness, or epigastric pain. Supportive care and symptomatic treatment are indicated.

Storage

Store at room temperature (15-30°C). Keep tube tightly closed. Protect from light and moisture. Do not freeze. Keep out of reach of children. Discard any unused product 6 months after first opening. Do not use after expiration date printed on packaging.

Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new medication. Individual results may vary. Proper diagnosis and treatment planning should be conducted by qualified medical personnel. The manufacturer is not liable for incorrect use or self-diagnosis.

Reviews

Clinical studies demonstrate significant improvement in WOMAC pain scores and physical function parameters compared to placebo. Systematic reviews confirm topical diclofenac’s efficacy with number needed to treat (NNT) of 6.1 for osteoarthritis pain relief. Patient-reported outcomes indicate high satisfaction with localized treatment avoiding systemic side effects. Dermatological tolerability is generally excellent with proper application technique. Long-term studies support maintained efficacy over 12-month periods with appropriate medical supervision.