Cytotec, with the active ingredient misoprostol, is a prostaglandin E1 analog developed to prevent and treat gastric ulcers induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in patients at high risk of complications. It works by replacing protective prostaglandins that are depleted by NSAID use, thereby reducing gastric acid secretion and enhancing mucosal defense mechanisms. This medication is recognized for its cytoprotective properties and is also utilized under specific clinical protocols in obstetrics and gynecology.

Features

• Active Ingredient: Misoprostol 200 mcg per tablet
• Formulation: Oral tablet, may also be administered vaginally or sublingually per specific medical guidance
• Mechanism of Action: Synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog that inhibits basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion, while increasing bicarbonate and mucus production
• Onset of Action: Gastroprotective effects begin within 30 minutes; peak plasma concentration occurs at approximately 12 minutes after oral administration
• Half-life: Approximately 20–40 minutes, with inactive metabolites
• Manufacturing Standards: Produced under strict pharmaceutical compliance (GMP)

Benefits

• Effectively reduces the incidence of gastric ulcers in chronic NSAID users
• Promotes mucosal defense by stimulating bicarbonate secretion and mucus production
• Provides a non-antacid, prophylactic option for high-risk patients (e.g., elderly, those with ulcer history)
• May be used in combination with other ulcer-treating agents for comprehensive management
• Offers flexibility in administration routes depending on clinical context
• Supported by extensive clinical research and decades of therapeutic use

Common use

Cytotec is primarily indicated for the prevention of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers in patients at high risk, such as those with a history of ulceration or complications, and the elderly undergoing long-term NSAID therapy. It is also used off-label for obstetric and gynecological purposes, including cervical ripening before surgical procedures, medical management of miscarriage, and labor induction—though these uses require careful supervision and are not FDA-approved for these indications in all regions.

Dosage and direction

For gastric ulcer prevention in adults: The typical dosage is 200 mcg four times daily with meals and at bedtime. Dosage may be reduced to 200 mcg two or three times daily if well-tolerated. Should be taken with food to minimize diarrhea. For other uses (e.g., obstetrical), dosing follows specific clinical protocols and must be administered under direct medical supervision. Do not crush or chew tablets.

Precautions

Use with caution in patients with renal impairment, cardiovascular disease, or dehydration. Not recommended for use during pregnancy unless under strict medical supervision for approved obstetric indications. May cause dizziness; patients should avoid driving or operating machinery until they know how the drug affects them. Diarrhea is common and may require dose adjustment; usually resolves with continued use. Keep out of reach of children.

Contraindications

Contraindicated in pregnancy when intended to maintain pregnancy, due to its abortifacient properties. Should not be used in patients with known hypersensitivity to misoprostol or other prostaglandins. Avoid in women of childbearing potential unless using effective contraception and after negative pregnancy test. Not for use in pediatric populations.

Possible side effect

• Diarrhea (most common, often dose-related)
• Abdominal pain or cramping
• Nausea
• Flatulence
• Headache
• Dyspepsia
• Vomiting
• Constipation
• Menstrual irregularities or spotting

Drug interaction

May interact with antacids containing magnesium, which can increase the incidence of diarrhea. No significant pharmacokinetic interactions have been noted with NSAIDs, though they are often co-administered. Use with caution alongside other drugs that cause gastrointestinal irritation.

Missed dose

If a dose is missed, take it as soon as remembered unless it is almost time for the next dose. Do not double the dose. Maintain regular scheduling to ensure consistent gastroprotection.

Overdose

Symptoms may include sedation, tremor, convulsions, dyspnea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, palpitations, hypotension, or bradycardia. There is no specific antidote; treatment is supportive and symptomatic. Gastric lavage and administration of activated charcoal may be considered if presented early.

Storage

Store at room temperature (15–30°C), in a dry place, protected from light and moisture. Keep in the original container. Do not store in bathrooms or damp areas. Discard any unused medication after the expiration date.

Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a healthcare provider for diagnosis, treatment decisions, and personalized dosage recommendations. Use only as directed by a physician. Not all uses described may be approved in your country.

Reviews

“Cytotec has been a cornerstone in our gastroenterology practice for high-risk NSAID users. Its protective efficacy is well-documented, and most patients tolerate it well with proper dosing.” — Dr. Elena Rostova, MD, Gastroenterologist
“While effective, patient education on side effects—especially gastrointestinal—is crucial. In compliant patients, outcomes are excellent.” — Clinical Pharmacist Review
“Used according to guidelines, misoprostol remains a valuable tool in ulcer prophylaxis, particularly in elderly populations on long-term NSAIDs.” — Journal of Clinical Therapeutics